Machine code, as translated from a source program.

Program in machine code translated from a source program.

An objective is a system of one or more pieces of lenses grouped together. It refracts light and can form an image. Alternatively known as Lens.

(1) Sans serif letters that slant to the right by computer software manipulation. It may also be referred to as italic.
(2) Synonymous with slash or solidus, the symbol of which is "/". See Slach.

Format of a printed sheet or book in which the longer side is horizontal and the shorter side is vertical. Also called Landscape. See Portrait.

Short for Optical Character Recognition. The interpretation of type-written or printed characters by a machine which scans the text, conerts it to a digital equivalent and stores it in memory for subsequent use. See ICR.

One of the ISO recognized typefaces designed to aid machine readability. See OCR-B.

An ISO recognized machine-readable typeface that is designed to be more legible to humans than OCR-A.

Mathematical system with a base of 8.

The eighth part of the traditional broadside sheet. For an A size paper, it equivalents to A3. Octavo can be abbreviated to 8vo. Used to describe book sizes. For example: Demy 8vo.

Books pages bearing odd folio numbers. For books open by the righ, these pages are the right-hand pages. Also called Recto. For books open by the left, as in traddition Chinese style which are set vertically, these pages are the left-hand pages. See Even pages.

A book section with fewer pages than the others and which has to be printed separately.

Equipment that is not physically linked or is not in direct communication. See On-line.

Typesetting system configurations in which the text and graphic input, page make-up and output are each a separate free-standing Unit. Communication between these units are done via floppy disc. See On-line typesetting system.

Coating applied to a paper after making. It is done as a separate operation giving a better quality than On-machine coating.

A remnant of a sheet of paper cut off from its stock size when a specific size was required. Usually retained for use as pads or other jobbing works.

Part of a book or journal printed separately. For example: an article from a journal.

(1) An indirect method of printing in which the ink is first transferred from the printing plate to an intermediate blanket cylinder and then to the substrate which may be paper, card, metal or other mateials. This term is generally accepted to mean"offset lithography". With other printing process, the name of the printing process must be given. For example: Offset gravure, Offset letterpress.  
(2) To shift anelement in slightly different position from its previous position.  
(3) A term used to refer to the undesirable transfer of a portion of the wet ink image on one sheet to the underside of the sheet immediate above it as they are being kprinted. Also called Setoff.

See Pad printing.

See Dry offset, Letterset.

A modification of the lithography process by an American I. W. Rubul, who added an intermediate cylinder to the lithographic printing press making it an indirect printing process. The images on the lithographic stone were first printed on the cylinder then transferred to the paper. As the process developed; metal plates were used instead of stones, cylinder was used to mount the plate instead of a flat bed for the stone, the term remained as it was. However, either the word "Offset", "Litho" or "Offset-litho" is now commonly used to mean"offset lithography".

Any paper suitable for offset litho printing. It may be coated or uncoated. It must possess the quality of high surface strength and dimensional stability.

The side lay opposite the operating side of a press. See Lay, Nearside Lay.

The capability of a paper to absorb oil. Too absorbent of a paper would cause powdring, loss of gloss, or strike-through and would cause set-off owing to it not being absorbent enough. A "surface-oil absorption tester" may be used to determine this property of paper.

A type of converted paprs made by immersing the base paper on oil such as linseed oil or tung oil and then process. It has the property of stout, good resistance to vapour or water. Used extensively for packaging of foods and metal products.

The vehicle of an ink is mainly consist of mineral oil. This type of ink is used for newspaper printing where inks drying are wholly by penetration. See Water-baded ink.

An indication that all is correct or approval given.

Classic type style designs of the 16th and 17th centuries. Classified to the group of typeface by the name of Garalde under BS.

Nineteeth and twentieth century revival forms of "old face" type styles. Also grouped under Garalde by BS.

See Non-lining figures.

A traditional. Chinese type style characterised by the contrast of their thin horizontal and thick vertical strokes.

Oil receptive property such as image areas of printing plates.

Oil repellent property such as non-image areas of an offset plate.

Volume of books containing all the works, or selected works, of a single author, published at a price to be within the reach of all.

Using computer for printing of short-run jobs such as wall prctures, carpets, large posters, advertisements, etc. As the quantity of each printing is small, it isnot economical to use conventional printing method. Using computer, where all printing data have been stored and can be retrieved for use when required. It is more economical to print via ditital printing machine using ink-jet, or electrostatic principle. See On-demand publishing.

The concept of printing boks one at a time from computer store ' on demand ', rather than tying up capital by printing for stock. See On-demand printing.

Equipment that is in direct communication or available for immediate use.

Typesetting system in which the keyboard and output unit are attched at all times on-line to the main system. See Off-line typesetting system.

Coating applied to the base paper on the paper machine itself. As distinct from Off-machine coating.

Index with divisions by letter of the 24 letters from the alphabet, omitting X and Z..

Clean contact films for printing-down, as distinct from composite films which may be made up of several film pieces taped or cemented together on a carrier sheet.

Perfect binding with one application of hot-melt glue only. As distinct from Two-shot binding.

Paper coated on one side only.

Carbon paper that only used once.

Light weight cockle finish "bank paper" often used for airmail stationery.

Instrument for measuring the opacity of paper and expressed it as a percentage. If the paper is not sufficiently opaque, printed material will show through from the other side. An average opacity of 90% is recommended for paper printed both side.

Degree of obstruction to transmission or reflection of light.

(1) To paint out pin-holes or scratches or areas on negative with an opaque paint.  
(2) The paint used in opaquing.